Male (♂) refers to the sex Gender is the wide set of characteristics that are seen to distinguish between male and female. It can extend from sex to social role or gender identity. As a word, "gender" has more than one valid definition. In ordinary speech, it is used interchangeably with "sex" to denote the condition of being male or female. In the of an organism, or part of an organism, which produces small mobile gametes A gamete is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a, called spermatozoa. Each spermatozoon can fuse with a larger female Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces non-mobile ova (egg cells) gamete or ovum An ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule is used for the young ovum of an animal, as well as the plant structure that carries the female gametophyte and egg cell and develops into a seed after fertilization. In lower plants and algae, the ovum is also often called oosphere, in the process of fertilization Fertilisation , is the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves the fusion of an ovum with a sperm, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilisation, or outside in the case of external. A male cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Not all species share a common sex-determination system. In humans Humans are a species of animal known taxonomically as Homo sapiens , and are the only extant member of the Homo genus of bipedal primates in Hominidae, the great ape family. However, in some cases "human" is used to refer to any member of the genus Homo and most animals, sex is determined genetically Genetics , a broad discipline of biology, is the science of heredity, genes, DNA, mutation, etc., and their functions and aspects in living organisms. The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding. However, the modern science of but in other species it can be determined due to social, environmental, or other factors.
The existence of two sexes seems to have been selected independently across different evolutionary lineages An evolutionary lineage is a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics (see Convergent Evolution The wing is a classic example of convergent evolution in action. Although their last common ancestor did not have wings, birds and bats do, and are capable of powered flight. The wings are similar in construction, due to the physical constraints imposed upon wing shape. Similarity can also be explained by shared ancestry, as evolution can only). The repeated pattern is sexual reproduction in isogamous Isogamy refers to a form of sexual reproduction involving gametes of similar morphology, differing only in allele expression in one or more mating-type regions. Since both gametes look alike, they cannot be classified as "male" or "female." Instead, organisms undergoing isogamy are said to have different mating types, most species with two or more mating types Mating types occur in eukaryotes that undergo sexual reproduction via isogamy. Since the gametes of different mating types look alike, they are often referred to by numbers, letters, or simply "+" and "-" instead of "male" and "female." Mating can only take place between different mating types with gametes of identical form and behavior (but different at the molecular level) to anisogamous There are several types of anisogamy. Both gametes may be flagellated and thus motile. Alternatively, neither of the gametes may be flagellated. This situation occurs for example in some algae and plants. In the red alga Polysiphonia, large non-motile egg cells are fertilized by small, non-motile spermatia. In flowering plants, the gametes are non- species with gametes A gamete is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a of male and female Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces non-mobile ova (egg cells) types to oogamous Oogamy is the familiar form of sexual reproduction. It is a form of anisogamy in which the female gamete (e.g. egg cell) is significantly larger than the male gamete and is non-motile. The male gametes are typically highly motile spermatozoa competing for the fertilization of the immotile egg species in which the female gamete is very much larger than the male and has no ability to move. There is a good argument that this pattern was driven by the physical constraints on the mechanisms by which two gametes get together as required for sexual reproduction.[1]
Accordingly, sex is defined operationally An operational definition is a demonstration of a process – such as a variable, term, or object – in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity. The term was coined by Percy Williams Bridgman . Properties described in this manner must be sufficiently accessible, so that persons other across species by the type of gametes produced (i.e.: spermatozoa vs. ova) and differences between males and females in one lineage are not always predictive of differences in another.
Male/female dimorphism between organisms or reproductive organs of different sexes is not limited to animals; male gametes are produced by chytrids Chytridiomycota or chytrids (sg. pronounced /ˈkɪtrɪd/, KIT-rid) is a division of the Fungi kingdom. The name is derived from the Greek chytridion, meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased spores. In older classifications, chytrids (except the recently established order Spizellomycetales) were placed in the, diatoms Diatoms are a major group of algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Most diatoms are unicellular, although they can exist as colonies in the shape of filaments or ribbons , fans (e.g. Meridion), zigzags (e.g. Tabellaria), or stellate colonies (e.g. Asterionella). Diatoms are producers within the food chain. A characteristic and land plants Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350,000 extant species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies. As of 2004,, among others. In land plants, female and male designate not only the female and male gamete-producing organisms and structures but also the structures of the sporophytes All land plants, and some algae, have life cycles in which a haploid gametophyte generation alternates with a diploid sporophyte, the generation of a plant or algae that has a double set of chromosomes. A multicellular sporophyte generation or phase is present in the life cycle of all land plants and in some green algae. For common flowering that give rise to male and female plants.
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Symbol
A common symbol A gender symbol is a symbol used to denote the sex of a life form or the gender of a human being used to represent the male gender is the Mars symbol In old manuscripts, the Mars symbol was drawn as a Venus symbol rotated 135 degrees anti-clockwise. So it originally had a cross instead of the arrow.[citation needed] Alchemists constructed the symbol from a cross above a circle (representing spirit).[citation needed] The later Mars symbol is usually interpreted as the spear and shield from the, ♂ (Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Character Set standard and published in book form as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode consists of a repertoire of more than 107,000: U+2642 Alt codes On Personal computers running the Microsoft Windows or DOS operating systems, additional characters to those available in the current keyboard layout can be typed using the alt key in conjunction with the keyboard's numeric keypad. This technique is generally called a character code: Alt+11)—a circle with an arrow pointing northeast The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are north, south, east, and west, commonly denoted by their initials - N, S, E, W. They are mostly used for geographic orientation on Earth but may be calculated anywhere on a rotating astronomical body. North and south point toward the geographical poles defined by the axis of rotation, such that. This is often called a stylized representation of the Roman god Roman mythology, or Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its main city, Ancient Rome. It can be considered as having two parts; One part, largely later and literary, consists of borrowings from Greek mythology. The other, largely early and cultic, functioned in very different Mars Mars was the Roman god of war, the son of Juno and Jupiter, husband of Bellona, and the lover of Venus. He was the most prominent of the military gods that were worshipped by the Roman legions. The martial Romans considered him second in importance only to Jupiter . His festivals were held in March (named for him) and October. As the word Mars has' shield and spear.[citation needed]
Sex determination
Main article: Sex-determination systemThe sex of a particular organism may be determined by a number of factors. These may be genetic or environmental, or may naturally change during the course of an organism's life. Although most species with male and female sexes have individuals that are either male or female, hermaphroditic In biology, a hermaphrodite is an animal or plant that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes. . Many taxonomic groups of animals , do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both partners can act as the "female" animals, such as worms The term worm refers to an obsolete taxon used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, and stems from the Old Norse word for sea serpent. Currently it is used to describe many different distantly-related animals which have a long cylindrical body and no legs, have both male and female reproductive organs.
Genetic determination
Most mammals Mammals are a class of vertebrate, air-breathing animals whose females are characterized by the possession of mammary glands while both males and females are characterized by hair and/or fur, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the brain. Some mammals have sweat glands, but most do not, including humans Humans are a species of animal known taxonomically as Homo sapiens , and are the only extant member of the Homo genus of bipedal primates in Hominidae, the great ape family. However, in some cases "human" is used to refer to any member of the genus Homo, are genetically determined as such by the XY sex-determination system where males have an XY (as opposed to XX) sex chromosome A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. The word chromosome comes from the Greek χρῶμα. It is also possible in a variety of species, including human beings, to be XXY or have other intersex Intersex in humans refers to intermediate or atypical combinations of physical features that usually distinguish female from male. This is usually understood to be congenital, involving chromosomal, morphologic, genital and/or gonadal anomalies, such as diversion from typical XX-female or XY-male presentations, e.g., sex reversal , genital/hermaphroditic In biology, a hermaphrodite is an animal or plant that has both male and female reproductive organs qualities. These qualities are widely reported to be as common as redheadedness (about 2% of the population).[2] During reproduction Reproduction is the biological process by which new "offspring" individual organisms are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and, a male can give either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while a female can only give an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a boy A boy is a young male human , as contrasted to its female counterpart, girl, or an adult male, a man, while an X sperm and an X egg produce a girl A girl is any female human from birth through childhood and adolescence to attainment of adulthood. The term may also be used to mean a young woman. The ZW sex-determination system, where males have a ZZ (as opposed to ZW) sex chromosome may be found in birds Birds are winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most varied of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) Ostrich and some insects Insects are a class within the arthropods that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae. They are among the most diverse group of animals on the planet and include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living (mostly butterflies and moths Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies (called lepidopterans). It is one of the most speciose orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies and found virtually everywhere. Lepidoptera contains more than 180,000 species in 128) and other organisms. Members of Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. There are over 130,000 recognised species, with many more remaining to be described. The name refers to the heavy wings of the insects, and is derived from the Ancient Greek ὑμήν : membrane and πτερόν (pteron): wing. The hindwings are, such as ants A phylogeny of the extant ant subfamilies and bees Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, and are known for their role in pollination and for producing honey and beeswax. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila. There are nearly 20,000 known species of bees in seven to nine recognized families,, are determined by haplodiploidy The haplodiploid sex-determination system determines the sex of the offspring of many hymenopterans , spider mites, coleopterans (bark beetles) and rotifers. In this system, sex is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. An offspring formed from the union of a sperm and an egg develops as a female, and an, where most males are haploid Human germ cells have one complete set of chromosomes from the male or female parent. Germ cells, also called gametes, combine to produce somatic cells. Somatic cells therefore have twice as many chromosomes. The haploid number (n) is the number of chromosomes in a gamete. A somatic cell has twice that many chromosomes (2n) and females and some sterile males are diploid Human germ cells have one complete set of chromosomes from the male or female parent. Germ cells, also called gametes, combine to produce somatic cells. Somatic cells therefore have twice as many chromosomes. The haploid number (n) is the number of chromosomes in a gamete. A somatic cell has twice that many chromosomes (2n).
Environmental determination
In some species of reptiles, including alligators An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. There are two extant alligator species: the American alligator and the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis), sex is determined by the temperature at which the egg is incubated. Other species, such as some snails Snail is a common name for almost all members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in a general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. Otherwise snail-like creatures that lack a shell are called slugs, practice sex change: adults start out male, then become female. In tropical clown fish, the dominant individual in a group becomes female while the other ones are male.
In some arthropods An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton , a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Arthropods are members of the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint", and ποδός podos "foot", which together mean "jointed feet"), and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and, sex is determined by infection. Bacteria The bacteria ( [bækˈtɪəriə] ; singular: bacterium)[α] are a large group of single-celled, prokaryote microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, of the genus Wolbachia alter their sexuality; some species consist entirely of ZZ individuals, with sex determined by the presence of Wolbachia.
Secondary sex characteristics
Main article: Secondary sex characteristicIn those species with two sexes, males may differ from females in ways other than production of spermatozoa. In many insects and fish the male is smaller than the female. In seed plants, which exhibit alternation of generations, the female and male parts are both included within the sporophyte sex organ of a single organism. In mammals, including humans, males are typically larger than females. In birds, the male often exhibits a colorful plumage that attracts females.
See also
| Look up male in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: males |
References
- ^ Dusenbery, David B. (2009). Living at Micro Scale, Chapter 20. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. ISBN 978-0-674-03116-6.
- ^ See, Dallas Denny, Current Concepts in Transgender Identity
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Categories: Gender | Sex | Men
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Thu, 29 Jul 2010 12:05:39 GMT+00:00
Wall Street Journal (blog) Male nudity: a first for Work of Art. But they're not the only ones going the naked route. Frankly, with this piece, I was really just considering how I ... 'Work of Art' recap: One artist gets naked (again), one judge cries (a first!) Entertainment Weekly Opposites Attract A.V. Club New York
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for cutting These bees line the cells of their nests with cut pieces of leaves Most species are solitary A leaf cutter bee from Minnesota Magachile latimanus female male and wing venation Apidae Diagnostic characters Forewing with 3 submarginal cells Galeae and glossa tongue long and slender Jugal lobe in hind wing
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Mon, 26 Jul 2010 13:54:47 GM
Ovechkin also rated the third richest and most famous Russian overall, behind tennis goddess Maria Sharapova and 61-year-old pop singer Alla Pugachev.
Q. I find it may be inappropriate, even if the conversation is innocent, because this info is too private to share with your married male friends. Of course I wouldn't talk about sex with my married male friends. Do you think it is inappropriate to talk about your dating life with your married male friends if you're single? Only if you're close with your married male friends should you disclose this info? I sometimes talk about my dating experiences with my male friends, but not my married male friends. Do you agree with this? Thx.
Asked by Amber - Thu Feb 5 03:57:32 2009 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments
A. I'm single now but I was married and the single girls I know have always trusted me their secrets, and dating games, now and then. I guess I'm just easy to talk to, they get a lot of advice and such from me. I think it's ok to get a male' opinion about certain things.
Answered by Kermit - Thu Feb 5 22:00:16 2009
